Notes on Isaiah 58 and the book of Micah from the Spiritual Formation Bible:

Isaiah 58:5-7
the fast that I choose...Here the prophetic tradition advocates an understanding of religion that is focused primarily on neighbor love. A fast is a religious discipline, but the kind of "fast"--religious discipline--God would like to see has to do with the breaking of oppression and with concern for the suffering of those who lack food, clothing, and shelter. Indeed, the last phrase of verse 7, in Hebrew, goes beyond calling the poor and the homeless "your own kin," as in English, to calling them "your own flesh." That is, the ones addressed by the poetry must stand in profound solidarity with the needy. This imagined scenario of true religion (echoed in James 1:27) is contrasted by the preceding verses (vv 1-4), in which a phony kind of religion is punctilious about liturgical and pious practices, but at the same time is economically exploitive of workers who work for low pay and are gouged by high interest charges. Thus the negative critique of verses 1-4 and the positive alternative of verses 5-7 articulate a profound either/or that is at the heart of prophetic understandings of the covenantal faith. It is clear that this either/or is still on the table for men and women of faith in the Christian tradition, for there is a great temptation to make religion a nice, sweet thing that is detached from economic reality. The sentiment of this poem would find that scandalous and unacceptable.

Isaiah 58:9
the Lord will answer. ...The consequence of true religion as it is detailed in verses 5-7 is the immediate attentiveness and presence of God. The implication of verses 5-9, taken all together, is that neighbor love is a precondition of the attentiveness of God, who will hear prayers and intervene according to the practice of the faithful.


Micah "Fundamentals of a Redeemed Life"
Against the backdrop of endemic evil, Micah outlines the essentials of a righteous life. The Lord is a God of Mercy (7:18), compassion (7:19), and faithfulness (7:20). On his side, God forgives sins (7:18-19); redeems from spiritual bondage (4:10; 6:4); bestows righteousness, or right standing with Himself (7:9); and blesses with peace (5:5). On the human side, one must exercise continual faith (7:7-9), remember God's mighty deeds (6:5), devote oneself to prayer (7:7), and bless others as the dew graces the grass (5:7). Perfecting holiness and godliness is the stuff of spiritual formation.

"For their part, God's people must uphold the rights of the poor and downtrodden in society, embody good-heartedness and mercy in relations to others, and live in close communion with God. Christian spiritual formation ought not and, indeed, cannot be divorced from compassionate social engagement."